Correlation of Lipid Profile with Inflammatory Markers among COVID-19 Positive Patients: A Retrospective Study
Published: August 1, 2022 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2022/55477.16744
Asha Kumari, Yuthika Agarwal, Sangeeta Bhattacharya Singh, Shikhaa Mahajan, Vivek Sharma
1. Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Government Medical College, Nalhar, Nuh, Mewat, Haryana, India.
2. Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Government Medical College, Nalhar, Nuh, Mewat, Haryana, India.
3. Professor and Head, Department of Biochemistry, Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Government Medical College, Nalhar, Nuh, Mewat, Haryana, India.
4. Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Government Medical College, Nalhar, Nuh, Mewat, Haryana, India.
5. Demonstrator, Department of Biochemistry, Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Government Medical College, Nalhar, Nuh, Mewat, Haryana, India.
Correspondence
Dr. Asha Kumari,
House No. 504, C-2 Block, Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Government Medical College,
Nalhar, Nuh, Mewat-122107, Haryana, India.
E-mail: drashatigraniya@gmail.com
Introduction: Lipids are fundamental biomolecules of the body. Infections like Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) with intricate immune response in some patient’s leads to acute complications by affecting metabolic pathways at multiple levels. Metabolism of cholesterol, triglyceride and High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (HDL-C) is deranged by cytokines and multiple inflammatory mediators. The sex differences in lipid metabolism may contribute in susceptibility, severity and outcome COVID-19. Performing lipid profile in COVID-19 patient may help in assessing severity and prognosis of disease.
Aim: To assess the relationship between lipid profile and inflammatory markers in COVID-19 patients and also to evaluate the gender-wise differences in lipid parameters and their correlations with inflammatory markers.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Department of Biochemistry at SHKM, GMC, Mewat, Haryana, India (tertiary care health centre) on COVID-19 positive patients attending Outpatient Department (OPD) and Inpatient Department (IPD), from October 2020 to December 2020. The data of 85 patients with COVID-19 positive, confirmed by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and who were prescribed for lipid profile along with C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and serum ferritin were included in the study. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C, CRP and ferritin were measured in the subjects. Data was statistically analysed using Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient.
Results: Total 85 (46 males and 39 females) COVID-19 patients were included in the study. Mean age in male and female patients were 43.02±15.52 years and 42.02±15.25 years, respectively with a range of 5-82 years. Mean value of Serum triglycerides, HDL-C and total cholesterol was 204.94±141.27 mg/dL, 42.97±13.38 mg/dL and 187.058±45.75 mg/dL, respectively. Serum triglycerides were statistically significantly higher in males than females (p-value=0.0413). The HDL-C, however, was significantly higher in females than males (p-value=0.0006). In male patients, r-value between cholesterol and CRP was -0.3538, and p-value was 0.016. Ferritin had a significant negative correlation with HDL-C (r-value=-0.3578, p-value=0.00079). Weakly positive correlation was noted between triglyceride and ferritin (r-value=0.2285, p-value=0.035).
Conclusion: High levels of serum triglycerides, low total cholesterol, and low HDL-C correlates with inflammatory markers like CRP and ferritin in COVID-19 patients. Lipid profile may be used as a potential marker in all COVID-19 patients in assessing prognosis of disease.
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